Green nanotechnology: illuminating the effects of bio-based nanoparticles on plant physiology

Table 5 An overview of the type of NPs that support plant growth and yield [95]

NPs	Plant	Morphology	Concentration	Positive
Ceric dioxide	A. thaliana	Quasi-spherical Average particle size-54 nm	200 mg/L	enhanced growth of shoots and roots
Copper	S. lycopersicum	Spherical shape 18.18–43.37 nm	100–450 mg/L	Increased lycopene and firmness of the fruit
Silicon	Lentil	Spherical and elongated 14.57–49.88 nm	25 mg/L	Encourage the germination of seeds and biomass
Titanium dioxide	T. aevum	Near spheroid, irregular shape Average particle size-41.5 nm	100 mg/L	Increased biomass and lateral root development
Zinc oxide	M. indica	hexagonal prism, cuboid, thin rods, irregular shape, near spheroid	100 mg/L	Increased overall yield, i.e., number and sight of fruits per tree
AgNP	Moringa oleifera leaves	Rectangular 8–28 nm	30 ppm	Fruit weight
NiONP	Berberis balochistanica stem	Rhombohedral agglomerated shape Average size-31.44 nm	31.25 µg/ml	Seedling length Leaf number Shoot length
CuONP	Camellia sinensis L	Spherical 50–100 nm	4 µg/ml	Shoot length Fresh weight Dry weight
AgNP	Berberis lycium	Spherical 10–100 nm	60 ppm	Shoot length Fresh weight Seeds per pod
CuNP	Mentha longifolia	Spherical Average size-23 nm	50 mg/L + 5 ml/day	Root length

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