Fig. 2

Applications of gene expression modulation tools. Various tools described in this paper can be further applied to (a) the production of valuable chemicals, (b) therapeutics development, and (c) basic research for fundamental understanding of genetic regulatory networks. Abbreviations are: CRISPR, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; DL, deep-learning; HTS, high-throughput screening; ncRNA, non-coding RNA; RBS, ribosome-binding site; sgRNA, single-guide RNA; uASPIre, ultradeep Acquisition of Sequence-Phenotype Interrelations