Table 1 Enzymes reported to degrade plastic polymers

Esterase

LDPE

90 days

1.72

NR

Enzymatic assay

Halomonas sp.

[56]

Lipase

PEG

90 days

40

NR

Enzymatic assay, molecular docking

Pseudomonas spp. consortium

[57]

Multicopper oxidase, lipase, and esterases

PE

30 days

1

Palmitic acid

GC-MS, SEM, FTIR, proteomic analysis, enzymatic assay

Rhodococcus strain A34

[53]

Leaf-branch compost cutinase (LCC)

PET, BHET

24 hr

NR

MHET, BHET

Genomic mining, sequence alignment analysis, enzymatic assay, LC‒MS

Micromonospora sp.

[58]

Lipase- LIP3, LIP4, PHA depolymerase (PhaZ)

PLA, PCL, PES, etc.

96 hr

LIP3: 22.5, 27.9, 6.6

LIP4: 8.7, 49.3, 5,7

PhaZ: 14.9, 27.6, 9.3

NR

GPC, enzymatic activity, sequencing, homology modeling, BLAST

Pseudomonas chloroaphis PA23

[59]

Laccase, peroxidase, oxidoreductases

PE

120 days

95

Diglycloamine, 1-monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether, hexanedioic acid bis (2-ethylhexy 1) ester, squalene

XRD, SEM, FTIR, GC‒MS, GPC

Alternaria alternata FB1

[60]

Laccase, manganese peroxidase

PE

15 days

13

NR

SEM, FTIR, NMR spectroscopy

Trichoderma harzianum

[61]

Alkane hydroxylase (AH)

Low molecular weight polyethylene (LMWPE)

80 days

40.8

NR

Sequencing, CO₂ evolution

Pseudomonas aeruginosa E7

[62]

Oxygenase

PS

35 days

NR

NR

ATR-FTIR, sequencing, SEM

Exiguobacterium sp. RIT 594

[63]

Cutinolytic esterase/

cutinase

PS, HDPE, LDPE, and PVC

30 days

6.94, 8.71, 7.47, 9.22, respectively

Nontoxic byproducts

SEM, FTIR

NA

[64]

Bifunctional Lipase-cutinase

PCL

48 hrs

78

6-hydroxyhexanoic acid, caprolactone

Enzymatic assay, SEM, GC‒MS

NA

[22]

Polyesterase (MoPE)

PU, PCL, polyhydroxy butyrate, polybutylene succinate

3 days

3.9, 33.4, 8.9, 5.3

NR

GPC, Enzymatic assay, HPLC,

Moraxella sp.

[65]

Laccase-like multicopper oxidase

PE

30 days

2.54

NR

SEM, ATR/FTIR, WCA, GPC

Acinetobacter baumannii Rd-H2

[66]