Fig. 1
From: Metabolic rewiring of microbial cell factories for improved production of succinic acid
Metabolic pathway of succinic acid production in bacteria (simplified, based on [23]) (1) Embden–Meyerhof pathway enzymes; (2) pyruvate kinase; (3) lactate dehydrogenase; (4) pyruvate–formate lyase; (5) phospho-transacetylase; (6) acetate kinase; (7) acetaldehyde dehydrogenase; (8) alcohol dehydrogenase; (9) malic enzyme; (10) phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; (11) malate dehydrogenase; (12) fumarase; (13) fumarate reductase; (14) isocitrate lyase; (15) aconitase; (16) citrate synthase; (17) oxaloacetate decarboxylase; (18) PEP carboxylase; (19) isocitrate lyase; (20) malate synthase