Table 3 Xylitol production by different techniques and operational conditions using lignocellulosic raw material

Sugarcane straw

Biotechnological

NS (Aerobic condition, initial

OD 0.5)

0.91

S. cerevisiae FMYX

[115]

Sugarcane bagasse

Biotechnological

Acid pretreatment (H₂SO₄, 121 °C, 20 min) 1.50)

1.50

Candida tropicalis

[116]

Brewer's spent grain (BSG) and grape stalks 70,877

Biotechnological

Acid pretreatment [3% (w/w) H₂SO₄, 121 °C, 1 bar]

BSG hydrolysate = 0.56 Grape stalks = 0.25

Komagataella pastoris DSM 70877

[117]

Olive stones

Biotechnological

Aqueous extraction (to extract solids) (130 °C, 90 min)

0.38

Candida boidinii

[114]

Banana leave

Biotechnological

H₂SO₄ 2.5%; 121 °C; 30minpH adjustment; Activated carbon; 200 rpm; 55 °C; 60 min Candida tropicalis; 30 °C; 200 rpm; 60 h

0.186

Candida tropicalis

[118]

Corn biomass

(corn bran)

Chemical

Acid pretreatment

(72% H₂SO₄,

30 °C, 1.5 h)

0.79 –

0.79

–-

[119]